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M78 diff, M80 or M86: which is in your Falcon or Commodore

Technician examines a differential centre and ring gear in a driveline workshop.

The M number names the differential centre, not the car, so the badge on the boot does not settle it. Falcons and Commodores of the same years carry different centres, and a diff can be swapped later in a car’s life. Read the code off the differential that is in the car now, take the ratio with it, and the gear set is a straightforward order.

Gear set orders go wrong at that first step. Somebody orders an M78 diff gear set because a mate’s Commodore had one. The centre under their own car turns out to be something else. The parts go back, the car sits on the hoist, and the job waits.

What M78, M80 and M86 mean

Open differential centre with crown wheel and pinion on a workshop bench.

These are codes for the differential centre. The centre is the gear assembly that takes drive from the tailshaft and splits it between the two rear wheels. The crown wheel and pinion inside it are the parts a gear set replaces.

Australian suppliers list gear sets against that code rather than against the car. Most of the gear sets listed for these cars fall under M78, M80 and M86. The M75, M76 and VE VF Commodore sets sit around them and are ordered the same way.

So the code is the buying unit. A model name gets you close. Close is what sends parts back.

How to tell an M78 diff from an M80 or M86

Technician examines markings on a removed differential centre.

Three things settle it. All three mean looking at the differential rather than at the car.

A centre still under the car is harder to read than one on a bench. So the part number off the old set is the cleanest route once the job is apart. Do the check before the parts are ordered, not after.

  • The part number on the gear set that comes out of it. Gear set listings carry a part number, so a number read off the old gears can be matched back to one.
  • The markings on the centre itself, read by somebody with the diff in front of them.
  • A workshop identifying the diff off the vehicle, which is what happens when the first two cannot be read.

The model name settles nothing, and two current Australian listings show why. RTS lists Ford BA and BF Falcons under one gear ring and pinion set covering the M75, M76 and M78. The gear set listings on this site put FG, BA and BF Falcons under both M80 and M86 sets. Neither supplier is wrong. The same model name covers cars that were built with different centres.

The ratio on its own does not settle it either. The same ratio turns up under more than one code. A 3.45 is listed for an M78 diff and for an M80 diff. A 3.73 is listed for an M80 diff and for an M86 diff. Knowing the car runs a 3.73 narrows nothing on its own.

So a model-to-code chart cannot be relied on, because one model name can sit above more than one code. If you cannot read a marking, the diff gets identified off the vehicle before anything is ordered.

Sedan or ute: check the pinion before you order

Mechanic measures the shaft of a differential pinion with a caliper.

Body style matters as much as the code does. RTS states on its M75, M76 and M78 gear ring and pinion listing: “please confirm pinion length before purchase as this is to suit sedans only. Ute M78 diff’s have a slightly longer pinion.”

That one line is the most useful warning on the subject. A set bought for a sedan can be the wrong part for a ute wearing the same badge and the same code. So the question is not only which code the car has. It is which body the code is sitting in.

Confirm the pinion length before the order goes in. Doing it after the box arrives costs a return and the time that goes with it.

Which ratio to choose, and what it changes

Two mechanics discuss a crown wheel and pinion on a workbench.

The ratio is the second half of the order. A numerically higher ratio turns the pinion more times for each turn of the wheels. The engine then sits at higher revs at the same road speed. A lower number does the opposite.

What is listed differs by code:

  • M78 sets are listed at 3.23 and 3.45.
  • M80 sets cover 3.27, 3.45, 3.73 and 3.91, plus a 3.46 with a spigot.
  • M86 sets cover 2.73, 3.23, 3.46 and 3.73.

Which of those suits a car is a conversation about the gearbox, the tyre size and the work it does. It is also the point at which the code has to be settled. Several of these ratios exist under more than one code, so a ratio on its own is not an order. The store’s gear set listings carry the fitment detail for each one, ratio by ratio.

What a gear set includes, and what it does not

Ring gear and pinion sit beside separate bearings, shims and a seal.

A gear ring and pinion set is the gears. Bearings, seals and shims are not in the box. That is why catalogues list a gear and bearing kit as a separate product from a gear ring and pinion. RTS sells both, side by side, under those two names.

Fitting a set means the centre comes apart and goes back together with the bearings and shims set by hand. That work is a rebuild. The post on getting a 4×4 differential rebuilt before a summer trip covers what one involves. So a gear set is one line on the job rather than the whole of it. Allow for the labour and the small parts as well as the gears.

What to have ready before you order

Technician checks a removed differential centre beside a ute on a hoist.

Four things: the code, the ratio, the model, and whether the car is a sedan or a ute.

The order form on this site asks for the vehicle make, model, engine and gearbox. The differential is a required field on it. So the code has to be in hand before the form can be filled in. That is the reason to read it off the car first.

If the diff is already apart, keep the part number off the old gear set. It is the most useful thing you can send. A part number points at one listing rather than a shortlist.

Around Keysborough and Melbourne’s south-east these cars are still daily drivers and weekend projects. The diff under one of them is not always the one it left the factory with. Swaps happen, and a car that has had a centre changed will not match anything written about the model.

Get the code and the ratio off the car, then send them through the enquiry form. GJ Drivelines can then match a set to the differential you have rather than to the badge on the boot.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between an M80 and an M86?

They are two different differential centres, not two versions of the same one. Each has its own gear sets, listed and ordered against the code rather than the model. The choice between them is settled by which centre is bolted under the car, not by preference.

Which diff is in a BA Falcon?

The badge cannot answer that one. Australian suppliers list BA Falcons under more than one differential code, so the car has to be checked rather than looked up. Whoever has the vehicle in front of them reads the code off the centre.

Do the crown wheel and pinion come as a set?

Yes. They are sold together at a single ratio, and that pairing is what a gear set is. The bearings, seals and shims a fitting job needs are bought separately.

Can you change the ratio in the diff you already have?

Within the ratios listed for that code, yes. A ratio change means new gears and a rebuild rather than a bolt-on part, so the centre comes apart either way. The code under the car stays the same.

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